Bromazolam first emerged in the recreational drug supply in 2016 (Europe) and 2019 (United States). Bromazolam was first synthesized during medicinal drug development in the 1970s but never approved for…
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In 2020 and 2021, the substituted cathinone eutylone was the most commonly encountered synthetic stimulant to appear in forensic casework, despite the drug being considered federally scheduled as an isomer…
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Etodesnitazene is a new synthetic opioid bearing structural resemblance to etonitazene, a synthetic opioid that is nationally and internationally controlled. Etodesnitazene is dissimilar in structure to synthetic opioids typically encountered…
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Protonitazene is a new, potent synthetic opioid bearing structural resemblance to etonitazene, a synthetic opioid that is nationally and internationally controlled. Protonitazene is dissimilar in structure to synthetic opioids typically…
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N-Pyrrolidino etonitazene (etonitazepyne) is a new high potency synthetic opioid bearing structural resemblance to etonitazene, a synthetic opioid that is nationally and internationally controlled. N-Pyrrolidino etonitazene is dissimilar in structure…
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4F-MDMB-BICA was first identified in the United States (U.S.) in plant-like material seized by law enforcement in May 2020 and soon after in toxicology casework in July 2020, with concurrent…
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Metonitazene is a potent synthetic opioid bearing structural resemblance to etonitazene, a synthetic opioid that is nationally and internationally controlled. Metonitazene is dissimilar in structure to other synthetic opioids typically…
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Fluorofentanyl was identified as early as 2016 in the U.S. and Europe, but overall detections remained low until recent months. Positivity of para-fluorofentanyl began increasing in Q3 2020 and within…
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MDMB-4en-PINACA was first identified in toxicology casework in the United States in September 2019; however, its emergence dates back earlier to seized drug testing from Europe in June 2018. MDMB-4en-PINACA…
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Brorphine is a potent synthetic opioid with structural resemblance to fentanyl and its analogues. However, brorphine is not controlled in the U.S. under core-structure scheduling of fentanyl related substances. Recent…
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