Fluorofentanyl was identified as early as 2016 in the U.S. and Europe, but overall detections remained low until recent months. Positivity of para-fluorofentanyl began increasing in Q3 2020 and within…
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Clonazolam (also called clonitazolam) first emerged in the recreational drug supply in 2014 (Europe) and 2016 (United States). Like many NPS, clonazolam was first synthesized during drug development in 1971…
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Xylazine was discovered as an antihypertensive agent in 1962 by Farbenfabriken Bayer in Germany. Due to its hazardous side effects, including sedation, hypotension and bradycardia, it was not approved by…
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MDMB-4en-PINACA was first identified in toxicology casework in the United States in September 2019; however, its emergence dates back earlier to seized drug testing from Europe in June 2018. MDMB-4en-PINACA…
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Levamisole was initially developed in the mid-1960s as a veterinary and human anti-worming drug. In 1990, it was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a…
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Brorphine is a potent synthetic opioid with structural resemblance to fentanyl and its analogues. However, brorphine is not controlled in the U.S. under core-structure scheduling of fentanyl related substances. Recent…
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Between 2017 and 2019, the substituted cathinone N-ethyl pentylone (ephylone) was the most commonly encountered emergent synthetic stimulant to appear in forensic casework. Due to its prevalence and contributions to…
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Flualprazolam has been confirmed in at least 44 biological specimens associated with postmortem (PM) death investigations and driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) investigations in the United States since…
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Isotonitazene has been identified in eight blood specimens associated with postmortem death investigations in the United States since August 2019. Isotonitazene was first reported in August 2019 based on the…
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The objective of this public announcement is to notify public health and public safety, law enforcement, clinicians, medical examiners and coroner, laboratory personnel, and all other related communities about new…
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